This review consolidates over 100 techniques for implanting artificial chords (neochords) in minimally invasive mitral valve repair. It provides a structured classification system to guide surgeons in selecting the right technique for each patient’s specific valve pathology.
The paper highlights innovations like running-suture methods that simplify the procedure and improve reproducibility. It also emphasizes the growing role of 3D imaging, robotics, and AI in planning and execution. The goal is to standardize these advanced repairs, reduce outcome variability, and improve surgical training.